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A huge tension exists between recognizing sustainable development (SD) as a meta-discourse and accepting a limitless interpretational width. We analyse the impacts of diversity of worldviews on the interpretation of SD—as a knowledge-based concept—through a critical literature review, resulting in recommendations on the topic. We apply a social-constructionist approach, appreciating the complex socio-ecological interactions at the heart of SD. Only recently worldviews are recognized as constitutive elements of SD. Little attention has been given to the impacts on generated knowledge for SD. Variety of worldviews induces a variety of knowledge claims and needs. To retain SD’s ‘universal’ appeal as practical decision-guiding strategy for policy and action, we propose an integrative approach towards knowledge for SD—entailing an explicit pluralization of knowledge. SD should be re-interpreted as a joint worldviews construct, embracing a diversity of views in collaborative research and co-production of knowledge. Interpreting SD as a joint endeavour is necessary to overcome historical obstacles like cultural hegemony and a hierarchy of knowledge systems. We identified the following requirements for an inclusive knowledge for SD paradigm: re-interpretation of SD as a worldview constructs in progress; interpretative flexibility; co-production of knowledge; subjectivity awareness and self-reflexivity; respect for a diversity of worldviews/knowledges; identifying shared goals; collaborative research; a systems approach; transdisciplinarity; and recognition of contextuality. Further research—concerning potential methodologies and typologies—to reconcile variety of worldviews and knowledge systems in a joint SD worldviews construct is urgently needed. 相似文献
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Liesbeth Vossaert Imen Chakchouk Roni Zemet Ignatia B. Van den Veyver 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(10):1202-1214
Investigators have long been interested in the natural phenomenon of fetal and placental cell trafficking into the maternal circulation. The scarcity of these circulating cells makes their detection and isolation technically challenging. However, as a DNA source of fetal origin not mixed with maternal DNA, they have the potential of considerable benefit over circulating cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT). Endocervical trophoblasts, which are less rare but more challenging to recover are also being investigated as an approach for cell-based NIPT. We review published studies from around the world describing both forms of cell-based NIPT and highlight the different approaches’ advantages and drawbacks. We also offer guidance for developing a sound cell-based NIPT protocol. 相似文献
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Joke Muys Yves Jacquemyn Bettina Blaumeiser Laura Bourlard Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Armelle Duquenne Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Jorien Kerstjens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1272-1283
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Juvenile and adult marine organisms differ in their morphology, chemistry, physiology, behavior, and ecology. Because juvenile
algae are thinner, smaller, and have more delicate tissues than adults, they are often assumed to be more susceptible to grazers.
We examined within-species food preferences of four common generalist herbivores for juvenile and adult tissues of eight common
brown algae in two-choice laboratory food-preference experiments. Our results showed that juvenile algae did not tend to be
a preferred food of herbivores. Juvenile tissues were significantly preferred over adult tissues in only four of the 32 combinations
of algae and herbivores tested. In 12 experiments, adult tissues were preferred over juvenile tissues, and no choice occurred
in the remaining 16 experiments. When sea urchins exhibited a preference, it was always for adult tissues. The other three
herbivores, an isopod and two snails, were more variable in their choices, sometimes preferring juveniles, sometimes adults,
and sometimes having no preference. We measured nitrogen and phlorotannin concentrations in adult and juvenile seaweeds to
see whether these parameters were correlated with herbivore food preferences. Nitrogen levels were similar in juveniles and
adults of three algal species and were higher in juveniles of two. Phlorotannin levels were higher in juveniles of four species
and lower in juveniles of one. The other three species showed no differences in phlorotannin levels. Phlorotannin concentrations
decreased with increasing juvenile size in three species and increased with increasing size in one species. Neither nitrogen
nor phlorotannin concentrations explained overall herbivore food preferences for algae of different stages. Our results suggest
that preferences of certain grazers for juvenile algae are not as strong as previously assumed and are dependent on herbivore
species. Preferences between juveniles and adults are likely to be determined by a combination of morphological and chemical
features of the tissues and the unique responses of herbivore species to those features.
Received: 10 April 2000 / Accepted: 19 November 2000 相似文献